Effective Strain Image Sequence Selection by Using SemiAutomated Image Processing Technique
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
One fourth of the cancer detected in women worldwide is breast cancer which leads this as a major threat for women. There are many methods of detecting cancer among which ultra-sound strain imaging is one of the promising techniques. However, in strain sequence, not all the frames show clear tumor visibility. Consequently, in this paper we tested some well-defined algorithms to find only those frames where the tumor is comparatively clearly visible. We have used Mean Pixel Difference (MPD) and GrayLevel Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) to find the frames with better tumor visibility. We have tested our methods in several real-life cases and the results have been examined by a professional doctor. The MPD has an accuracy of 96.2% and the GLCM. Contrast has that of 55.55%.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
American Medical Association, "Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability Adjusted Lifeyears for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015," JAMA Oncology, vol. 3, pp. 524-548, 2017.
H. Cheng, J. Shan, W. Ju, Y. Guo and L. Zhang, "Automated breast cancer detection and classification using ultrasound images: A survey," Pattern Recognition, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 299-317, 2010.
J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomatara, R. Dikshit, S. Eser, C. Mathers, M. Rebelo, D. M. Parkin, D. Forman and F. Bray, "Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012," International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. E359-E386, 2014.
Breast cancer, Understanding Breast Cancer Risk http://www.breastcancer.org/risk/understanding.
M. M. Saleck, A. El Moutaouakkil and M. Mouçouf, "Tumor Detection in Mammography Images Using Fuzzy C-means and GLCM Texture Features," in 2017 14th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, Marrakesh, 2017.
J. Chamberlain, D. Coleman, R. Ellman, S. Moss, M. Alderson, C. Faulder, J. Hayward, M. Jack, C. Joslin, C. Ray, C. Spicer, J. Swanson Beck and A. Tucker, "First results on mortality reduction in the UK Trial of Early Detection of Breast Cancer. UK Trial of Early Detection of Breast Cancer Group," The Lancet, vol. 8608, no. 332, pp. 411-416, 1988.
L. Tabár, A. Gad, L. Holmberg, U. Ljungquist, K. C. P. Group, C. Fagerberg, L. Baldetorp, O. Gröntoft, B. Lundström, J. Månson, Ö. C. P. Croup, G. Eklund, N. Day and F. Pettersson, "Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography. Randomised trial from the Breast Cancer Screening Working Group of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.," The Lancet, vol. 325, no. 8433, pp. 829-832, 1985.
S. Preston-Martin, M. C. Pike, R. K. Ross, P. A. Jones and B. E. Henderson, "Increased Cell Division as a Cause of Human Cancer," Cancer Research, vol. 50, no. 23, pp. 7415-7421, 1990.
J. Ophir, I. Céspedes, H. Ponnekanti, Y. Yazdi and X. Li, "Elastography: A quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues," Ultrasonic Imaging, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 111-134, 1991.
S. Franchi-Abella, C. Elie and J.-M. Correas, "Ultrasound elastography: Advantages, limitations and artefacts of the different techniques from a study on a phantom," Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 497-501, 2013.
F. Tranquart, N. Grenier, V. Eder and L. Pourcelot, "Clinical use of ultrasound tissue harmonic imaging," Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 889- 894, 1999.
B. A. Abrahim and Y. Kadah, "Speckle noise reduction method combining total variation and wavelet shrinkage for clinical ultrasound imaging," in 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Sharjah, 2011.
J. Ophir et al., "Elastography: Ultrasonic estimation and imaging of the elastic properties of tissues," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, voL 213, no, 3, pp,203-233, aL 1999.
L. Gao, K, 1. Parker, R. ~, Lerner, and S, F. Levinson, "Imaging of the elastic properties of tissue-A review," Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, voL 22, no, 8, pp, 959- 977, Jan, 1996.
L. S. Wilson and D. E. Robinson, "Ultrasonic measurement of small Displacements and Deformations of tissue," Ultrasonic Imaging, voL 4, no, l , pp, 71-82, Jan, 1982.
Irteza Enan Kabir, Rasheed Abid, Abdullah Salmon Ashik, Kazi Khairul Islam, S. Kaisar Alam, “Improved strain estimation using a novel 1.5D approach: Preliminary results”, 2016 International Conference on Medical Engineering, Health Informatics and Technology (MediTec).
M. O'Donnell, A. Skovoroda, B. Shapo and S. Emelianov, "Internal displacement and strain imaging using ultrasonic speckle tracking," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 314-325, 1994.
E. K. Sharma, E. Priyanka, E. A. Kalsh and E. K. Saini, "GLCM and its Features," International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 2180-2182, 2015.
M. B. Al Rasyid, Yunidar, F. Arnia and K. Munadi, "Histogram statistics and GLCM features of breast thermograms for early cancer detection," in 2018 International ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI-NCON), Chiang Rai, 2018.
A. Abdelrahman and O. Hamid, "Breast Ultrasound Images Enhancement Using Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrices Quantizing Technique," International Journal of Information Science, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 60-64, 2012.
Christos P. Loizou and Constantinos S. Pattichis, Despeckle Filtering Algorithms and Software for Ultrasound Imaging, Morgan & Claypool.USA.2008.
Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2002.
Robert M. Haralick, “Statistical and Structural Approaches to Texture” IEEE Proceedings of Vol. 67, no. 5, May 1979.
D. Narain Ponraj, M. K. Evangelin, Jennfier P Poongodi, J Samuel Manoharan, “A Survey on the Preprocessing Techniques of Mammogram for the Detection of Breast Cancer” Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, vol. 2, NO. 12, December 2011.
Marius Pedersen, Alessandro Rizzi, Jon Yngve Hardeber and Gabriele Simone, “Evaluation of contrast measures in relation to observers perceived contrast” Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2008.
K. Parker, M. Doyley and D. Rubens, "Imaging the elastic properties of tissue: the 20-year perspective," Physics in Medicine & Biology, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 513514, 2010.
Jingfeng Jiang, Timothy J. Hall, and Amy M. Sommer, “A Novel Image Formation Method for Ultrasonic Strain Imaging”, Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007 Apr; 33(4): 643–652.